Vol. 4 No. 01 (2023)
Articles

Application of Response Surface Methodology in Predicting and optimizing the properties of Concrete containing Ground Scoria and Metakaolin blended Cement in Concrete

PDF
  • Abubakar Sabo Baba,
  • Auwal Abdullahi Umar,
  • Aliyu Abubakar,
  • Terlumun Adagba
Abubakar Sabo Baba
Federal University Dutsinma, Department of Civil Engineering, Nigerai
Auwal Abdullahi Umar
Federal University Dutsinma, Department of Civil Engineering, Nigerai
Aliyu Abubakar
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Department of Civil Engineering, Nigeria
Terlumun Adagba
Federal University Dutsinma, Department of Civil Engineering, Nigerai
DOI: https://doi.org/10.38094/jocef40269

Published 2023-08-27

Keywords

  • Response Surfaces,
  • Metakaolin,
  • Ground Scoria,
  • Optimisation,
  • Concrete

How to Cite

[1]
A. Sabo Baba, A. A. . Umar, A. . Abubakar, and T. . Adagba, “Application of Response Surface Methodology in Predicting and optimizing the properties of Concrete containing Ground Scoria and Metakaolin blended Cement in Concrete”, JoCEF, vol. 4, no. 01, pp. 19-26, Aug. 2023.

Copyright (c) 2023

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

Abstract

The effect of Metakaolin and ground Scoria on various properties of concrete were investigated and optimised using Response Surfaces Methodology (RSM) in this study. Seven batches of concretes were cast at water to cement ratio of 0.5 and 5% fixed Metakaolin with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% Ground Scoria replaced cement. The resulting concrete then was tested for Slump. The Concrete cubes were cast and cured for 3, 7, 14, 28 and 60days before Water absorption and Compressive strength test were carried out. at all replacement levels of Metakaolin/Scoria content, Workability, Water absorption, Density and Compressive strength decreased when compared with the control concrete. However, Water absorption, Density and Compressive strength slightly increased with increase in curing age. The models developed were quite accurate as the percentages of error were in a good agreement and can explain the variability in Metakaolin/Ground Scoria concrete. Numerical method of optimisation was applied to determine the optimum mix proportions for Metakaolin/Ground Scoria.  The optimum mix of concrete was obtained by addition of 8.60% GS after curing for 12-days with 0.8 desirability. Based on the result of optimisation, incorporating the optimum values of 13.6% (5%MK+8.6%GS)  metakaolin and ground Scoria in concrete as cement substitute for every one kilogram of cement, can potentially result in reduction of CO2 emissions by 0.07-0.1224kg.

PDF

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

  1. Jaskulski, Roman, Daria Jó?wiak-Nied?wiedzka, and Yaroslav Yakymechko. "Calcined clay as supplementary cementitious material." Materials 13.21 (2020): 4734.
  2. Worrell, Ernst, et al. "Carbon dioxide emissions from the global cement industry." Annual review of energy and the environment 26.1 (2001): 303-329.
  3. Odgerel, Batt, Lucian Pugliaresi, and Michael Lynch. "A Critical Assessment of the IEA’s Net Zero Scenario, ESG, and the Cessation of Investment in New Oil and Gas Fields."
  4. Sousa, Vitor, et al. "Industrial production of recycled cement: Energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission estimation." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 30.4 (2023): 8778-8789.
  5. Venkatanarayanan, Harish Kizhakkumodom, and Prasada Rao Rangaraju. "Effect of grinding of low-carbon rice husk ash on the microstructure and performance properties of blended cement concrete." Cement and concrete composites 55 (2015): 348-363.
  6. Zabihi-Samani, Masoud, Seyed Payam Mokhtari, and Farzaneh Raji. "Effects of fly ash on mechanical properties of concrete." Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 8.2 (2018): 35-40.
  7. Siddique, Rafat, and Deepinder Kaur. "Properties of concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) at elevated temperatures." Journal of Advanced Research 3.1 (2012): 45-51.
  8. Liu, Baoju, et al. "New perspectives on utilization of CO2 sequestration technologies in cement-based materials." Construction and Building Materials 272 (2021): 121660.
  9. Konitufe, Claudius, Abubakar Sabo Baba, and Aliyu Abubakar. "Optimization of Calcined Termite-Mound Material (CTM) Mortar and Concrete using Response Surfaces Methodology." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 14.02 (2023): 047-060.
  10. Claudius, Konitufe, Abubakar Sabo Baba, and Aliyu Abubakar. "Influence of Pulverized Animal Bone and Animal Bone Ash on the Mechanical Properties of Normal Strength Concrete using Response Surface Method." CONSTRUCTION 3.1 (2023): 63-74.
  11. Abubakar, Aliyu, Duna Samson, and Abbagana Mohammed. "Performance of Concrete Containing Metakaolin and Ground Scoria as Partial Replacement of Cement." Proceedings of NBRRI International Conf. on Sustainable Development Goals & Nigerian Construction Industry. 2018.
  12. Azhar, Mohammed, and Mohammed Mohsin Ali Qureshi. "Strength development in concrete by incorporating metakaoline." International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering 2.1 (2013): 634-639.
  13. Ding, Jian-Tong, and Zongjin Li. "Effects of metakaolin and silica fume on properties of concrete." Materials Journal 99.4 (2002): 393-398.
  14. Akcay, Burcu, and Mehmet Ali Tasdemir. "Autogenous shrinkage, pozzolanic activity and mechanical properties of metakaolin blended cementitious materials." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 23 (2019): 4727-4734.
  15. Lar, U. A., et al. "Report on the Geohazard mapping of volcanoes in Nigeria." Commissioned by the Centre for Geodesy and Geodynamics, Toro, NARSDA, Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, Abuja (2007).
  16. Fares, Galal, and Abdulrahman M. Alhozaimy. "Assessment of Pozzolanic Activity of Ground Scoria Rocks under Low-and High-Pressure (Autoclave) Steam Curing." Materials 15.13 (2022): 4666.
  17. Hossain, Khandaker M. Anwar. "Blended cement and lightweight concrete using scoria: mix design, strength, durability and heat insulation characteristics." International Journal of Physical Sciences 1.1 (2006): 005-016.
  18. Montgomery, Douglas C. "Design and analysis of experiments, John Wiley & Sons." Inc., New York 1997 (2001): 200-1.
  19. Montgomery, Douglas C., et al. "The hierarchy principle in designed industrial experiments." Quality and reliability engineering international 21.2 (2005): 197-201.
  20. Pinheiro, Claver, et al. "Application of the response surface method to optimize alkali activated cements based on low-reactivity ladle furnace slag." Construction and Building Materials 264 (2020): 120271.
  21. Abubakar, Aliyu, et al. "Prediction of Strength Properties of Concrete Containing Calcined Black Cotton Soil Using Response Surface Methodology." American Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing 5.2 (2020): 17.
  22. Standard, British. "812-Part 2-Testing Aggregates–Part 2: Methods of Determination of Density. Standard." British Standards Institution, London (1995).
  23. British Standards Institution. "BS EN 1097-6. Tests for Mechanical and Physical Properties of Aggregates: Part 6. Determination of Particle Density and Water Absorption. British Standards " Institution, (2020).
  24. British Standard Institution " BS1881: Part 103. Method for Determination of Compacting factor. London, U.K.: " British Standard institution (1983).
  25. BS 812-110: 1990. "Testing Aggregates–Part 110: Methods for Determination of Aggregate Crushing Value (ACV)." (1990).
  26. ASTM, C. "311, Standard Test Method for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Portland Cement Concrete." Ann. Book of ASTM Standards, Section 4.
  27. ASTM C " Committee C-09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates. Standard specification for coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete. " ASTM international, 2013.
  28. Standard, British. "Testing hardened concrete-Part 1: Shape, dimensions and other requirements for specimens and moulds." BS En (2012): 12390-12000.
  29. Ofuyatan, Olatokunbo M., et al. "RSM and ANN modelling of the mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete with silica fume and plastic waste as partial constituent replacement." Cleaner Materials 4 (2022): 100065.
  30. Adeniyi, Adewale George, Joshua O. Ighalo, and Temitope Elizabeth Odetoye. "Response surface modelling and optimisation of biodiesel production from Avocado plant (Persea americana) oil." Indian Chemical Engineer 62.3 (2020): 243-250.
  31. Widyaningsih, T. D., et al. "Pilot plant scale extraction of black cincau (Mesona palustris BL) using historical-data response surface methodology." International Food Research Journal 25.2 (2018).
  32. BS EN. "Testing fresh concrete. Slump-test." BS EN 12350-2-2009 (2009).
  33. Dhakal, Chuda Prasad. "Multiple regression model fitted for rice production forecasting in Nepal: A case of time series data." Nepalese Journal of Statistics 2 (2018): 89-98.
  34. Cornell, John A. Response surfaces: designs and analyses. Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1987.
  35. Fayomi, G. U., et al. "Perspectives on environmental CO2 emission and energy factor in Cement Industry." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Vol. 331. No. 1. IOP Publishing, 2019.
  36. Sanjuán, Miguel Ángel, et al. "Carbon dioxide uptake by cement-based materials: A Spanish case study." Applied Sciences 10.1 (2020): 339.